article 1 section 8, clause 8

.] The copyright and patent laws do not, of their own force, have any extraterritorial operation.12FootnoteBrown v. Duchesne, 60 U.S. (19 How.) Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 5, 9 (1966). The clause states that: " To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, Satisfied in Eldred v. Ashcroft that the Copyright Term Extension Act did not violate the limited times prescription, the Court saw the only remaining question to be whether the enactment was a rational exercise of the legislative authority conferred by the Copyright Clause.8Footnote537 U.S. at 204. Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 Marissa Garcia P2 Necessary and Proper Clause Historical and Current Example What is the article about? . Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; To establish Post Offices and post Roads; To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States . It is Congress that has been assigned the task of defining the scope of the limited monopoly that should be granted to authors, the Court has said.7FootnoteEldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186, 205 (2003) (quoting Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417, 429 (1984)). To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries. Also, in extending the duration of existing copyrights and patents, Congress may protect the rights of purchasers and assignees.11FootnoteEvans v. Jordan, 13 U.S. (9 Cr.) Moreover, the duration of copyrights and patents may be prolonged and, even then, the limits may not be easily enforced. at 345. Article 1 Section 8 Clause 8 Of The Us Constitution Constitution specifies the expressed or enumerated powers of congress.

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